Sportswashing: Why Autocrats Love the World Cup

World Cup 2026 kicked off last week, as 48 countries faced off in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. With all the excitement, it’s easy to forget that just four years ago the world’s most-watched sporting event, held in Qatar, was mired in controversy over human-rights abuses, backroom dealings, and geopolitical maneuvering. Qatar’s World Cup is just one of countless examples of “sportswashing” — the use of sports by autocratic regimes “to bolster repression at home and gain influence abroad.”To learn more about this growing phenomenon, read the following Journal of Democracy essays by Sarath K. Ganji.
The Rise of Sportswashing

The staggering global popularity of soccer makes it a prime target for regimes that worry about the negative press they get for their undemocratic practices. The Gulf monarchies have led the way in getting into the wide world of sports as a means of cleaning their image.

By Sarath K. Ganji
How Dictators Use Sports to Win Friends and Influence People

Authoritarians are developing new tools to project their malign influence across the globe. The world of sports can teach us a lot about the games they play.

By Sarath K. Ganji
How Qatar Became a World Leader in Sportswashing

The government has spent billions preparing to host the 2022 World Cup. Never mind the abusive labor practices and human-rights violations. It’s betting that your love of the “beautiful game” will make you more fond of this tiny Gulf state, too.

By Sarath K. Ganji

The Journal of Democracyis published quarterly in January, April, July, and October. Subscribe now for full access to our archives.

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