“I see America, not in the setting sun of a black night of despair ahead of us, I see America in the crimson light of a rising sun fresh from the burning, creative hand of God. I see great days ahead, great days possible to men and women of will and vision”
― Carl Sandburg
Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, biographer, journalist, and editor. He won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. Wikipedia
Hi there, here is the interpretation of the astrological chart that you asked for. Also attached is a .GIF graphic file which depicts your chart wheel. Thank you for visiting the Astrolabe WEB site at http://alabe.com This report has been created especially for you. It represents your Unique picture at the time you were born and at the place you were born. If you are unsure of the exact time of day of your birth (or the date or the place), the reading will probably not seem as accurate as it could be in certain places, but other parts will seem to be very appropriate. You will notice at certain places in the reading that contradictory information seems to be given. This is to be expected, because the personality of most people is extremely complex. For example, at times we are quite shy and at other times we are very aggressive, and so forth. You will also notice that, at certain points in the reading, certain patterns may be repeated over and over, especially in a longer more detailed report than this one. This is also to be expected. This simply means that your horoscope has an extremely strong focus on this particular pattern and that you should pay extra close attention to what is said about it. Now, on with your Report!
Name: The Prosperos May 22 1956 2:08 PM Time Zone is EST West Palm Beach, FL
Rising Sign is in 27 Degrees Virgo You tend to be very shy and not very self-assertive. You are supercritical about how you appear to others. Even though you may think you are uninteresting and dull, you are actually quite soft- spoken, orderly, neat and very likable. You are a perfectionist with high standards, and at times you can be quite tactless in pointing out the faults of others. Very practical, efficient and purposeful, your appearance and bearing reflect your need to appear graceful, sensible and reserved. You have a crisp, no-nonsense approach to dealing with others. Never lazy or self-indulgent, you tend to be dedicated to the work ethic.
Sun is in 01 Degrees Gemini. You have a quick, bright and agile mind, but an extremely short attention span. You love the external, kaleidoscopic aspects of life, but you tend to avoid (and even fear) deep, close emotional involvements. As such, you seem to enjoy travel and sightseeing and generally being “on-the-go.” You get quite listless when things around you become static and dull, but your excitement returns whenever you are stimulated by a new idea. Chatty, inquisitive and quite playful, you enjoy practical jokes and games in general. Your moods change quickly and often — you are very restless and constantly in motion. You are known for your versatility and adaptability. Your vivaciousness enlivens any social gathering.
Moon is in 10 Degrees Scorpio. Your feelings are very intense, never superficial. You tend to be either very angry or very sad or completely and totally happy. Your moods are deep, extreme and not always completely understood by yourself or by those with whom you have to deal. Emotionally, you tend to prefer to live at the cutting edge of life, pushing your reactions to the ultimate extremes, even if the results are dangerous or upsetting. You are easily jealous and very suspicious — you require a great deal of emotional reassurance. A good detective, you are very curious about deep and mysterious things, especially human nature and motivations. Be careful not to be ruthless, tactless or too overly frank or you will meet with much resistance from others.
Mercury is in 06 Degrees Gemini. Your mind is active, quick and agile. You are very restless and you get bored easily. Unless you receive constant mental stimulation, you become extremely nervous and begin to act in an unstable manner. You are probably a good student because of your natural inquisitiveness. You also love to travel. Your learning tends to be superficial, though, because you have a relatively short attention span. Try to develop the mental discipline to finish what you start. Also, you tend to talk on at times seemingly just to fill space — make sure that your conversation has some substance to it or others will start avoiding you.
Venus is in 07 Degrees Cancer. You like to be very close to other people. You need emotional support yourself and are willing to give it to others. When you feel unloved and insecure, you can be very jealous and possessive. You are not interested in casual or superficial relationships — only deep emotional involvements interest you. Your faithful devotion is one of your greatest gifts, but be careful not to become too dependent on others. Learn to stand on your own two feet and demand your own rights once in a while.
Mars is in 23 Degrees Aquarius. Your ideas and opinions are usually inventive and original, but sometimes they are merely eccentric and offbeat. You are altruistic — you will work hard for the attainment of group goals, as long as they meet your high standards. You tend to resent traditional authority figures because you think that your ideas are better thought out and more valuable than theirs. Very idealistic, you are a rebel WITH a cause!
Jupiter is in 23 Degrees Leo. You must be proud of all that you do in order to grow and develop. You enjoy being totally honest and aboveboard and you revel in the admiration and respect you receive from others due to your high- minded, upright way of life. Make sure, though, that your natural tendency to boast and show off is based on your actual accomplishments. Don’t fall prey to self-exaggeration or arrogance. You truly do like outrageous spectacles and grand jolly times and will go out of your way to make them a reality.
Saturn is in 29 Degrees Scorpio. You tend to release emotional energies only very reluctantly. This is partly due to your fear of what horrible calamity might occur should they be released — your emotions are terribly complicated and intense. Try not to repress these energies entirely, however, or you will succumb to negative and destructive forms of compulsive behavior. Give yourself the freedom to look awkward or silly once in a while. The relief you feel will be quite therapeutic and the embarrassment (whether it is real or imagined) will pass quickly.
Uranus is in 29 Degrees Cancer. For you, and for your peers as well, the demand to be free from entangling emotional bonds is of paramount importance. You have a unique and unfettered view of family life and will be attracted to experimenting with freeform styles of relationship commitments. This may lead to a rootless, unsettled lifestyle.
Neptune is in 28 Degrees Libra. You, and your entire generation, idealize all of the various experimental approaches to relationships — including “living together”, the formation of communes and collectives and the whole concept of “open” marriages. There is a stress on weakened commitments on an emotional and contractual level, but there are heightened expectations of the level of commitment and mutual support on the spiritual and metaphysical level.
Pluto is in 26 Degrees Leo. For your entire generation, this is a time when the relationship of the individual to society as a whole is being thoroughly re-examined. Major attempts will be made to find a balance between the need to be self-sufficient and the need to honor debts of social commitment.
N. Node is in 08 Degrees Sagittarius. You will probably have many different contacts and acquaintances throughout your life. You’re quite gregarious by nature and your natural curiosity about others lets you take the lead in forming new relationships. You’ll form close ties with those who have similarly idealistic ideas — especially those who can stimulate you intellectually in your chosen field of interest. Your enthusiasm for learning new things may also cause you to do quite a bit of traveling. Because you probably will have many wide-ranging interests and concerns, you most likely will have contacts and connections in various parts of the country (or world).
«Nature can repair our broken climate»Very proud to contribute with my music to this powerful message of Greta Thunberg!#NatureNow ?➡️ https://www.naturalclimate.solutions/?Narrateurs: Greta Thunberg & George Monbiot?Réalisateur : Tom Mustill ?Production : Triangle Monday?Chef Opérateur & Monteur : Fergus Dingle ?Son: Shaman Media?GFX: Paraic Mcgloughlin ?Online: Bram De Jonghe?Photo de post : Special Treats Productions?Mix : Mcasso Music ?Audio Post : Tom Martin?NCS Guidance : Charlie Lat?Musique : Rone (InFiné music)The Independent film by Gripping Films(Tom Mustill) was supported by: Conservation International Food and Land Use Coalition Gower St With guidance from Nature4Climate Natural Climate Solutions www.grippingfilms.com #naturenow
(Chorus)
St. Maria, Virgin, become a feminist
Become a feminist, Become a feminist
(end chorus)
Church praises the rotten dictators
The cross-bearer procession of black limousines
In school you are going to meet with a teacher-preacher
Go to class – bring him money!
Patriarch Gundyaev believes in Putin
Bitch, you better believed in God
Belt of the Virgin is no substitute for mass-meetings
In protest of our Ever-Virgin Mary!
Pussy Riot’s Punk Prayer (2012) at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour was included in the list of the best art of the 21st century by The Guardian, Artguide reports.
The top five best visual performances of the 21st century includes:
– Ragnar Kjartansson. The Visitors. Video performance, 2012.
– Jeremy Deller. The Battle of Orgreave. Film, 2001.
– Pierre Huyghe. Untilled. Installation, 2011-2012.
– Pussy Riot. Punk Prayer. Performance, 2012.
– Teresa Margolles. What Else Could We Talk About? Installation, 2009.
Band members Maria Alyokhina, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova and Yekaterina Samutsevich were found guilty of hooliganism in 2012 for their performance at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour where they staged their punk prayer called “Mother of God, Banish Putin”. Two of them were sentenced to two years in prison. Samutsevich was given a suspended sentence.
NEW YORK—Following her U.N. address about the existential threat posed by a rapidly warming planet, citizens across the United States confirmed Monday they were perplexed by Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, a 16-year-old who apparently has no desire to see the world end. “I know she’s from another country, but she’s still a teenager, right?” said 33-year-old Sophia Williams of Kenosha, WI, her confusion reportedly shared by millions of Americans who recalled that during their own adolescence they had hated the world and everyone in it and had felt the end couldn’t come fast enough. “I don’t understand why a high school kid like her isn’t locking herself in her bedroom and writing bad poetry about how nothing matters and everything is meaningless. Instead of going around the world and giving speeches in which she urges people to save the planet, shouldn’t she be commiserating with her friends about how pointless life is and how we’d all be better off dead? I just don’t get it.” At press time, an online survey found that a majority of Americans agree someone should make sure Thunberg’s parents are aware of her unusual behavior in case she needs to seek help.
A team of researchers working with Tesla recently released a paper describing a lithium-ion battery that should last 1 million miles over 4,000 charges and depletions.
The researchers reportedly optimized commonly used components of EV batteries, and made their findings available to other battery researchers.
Tesla CEO Elon Musk said robotaxis could hit streets as early as 2020.
Tesla seems to have made good on CEO Elon Musk’s promise from earlier this year to develop an electric-vehicle battery with a lifespan of more than 1 million miles, according to a recent paper and patent. A million-mile battery would roughly double the lifetime of batteries currently used in Tesla cars, and also significantly cut the operating costs of robotaxis and long-haul electric trucks, both of which Tesla is developing.
Tesla has an exclusive agreement with a group of battery researchers — led by Jeff Dahn, a physics professor who some call Tesla’s “battery guru” — and earlier this month they published a paper describing a lithium-ion battery with a longer lifespan and significantly higher energy capacity than what’s currently on the market.
The battery should last more than 1 million miles over 4,000 charges and depletions, all while losing less than 10 percent of its energy capacity over its lifetime, according to the paper. That’s a significant upgrade compared to lithium-ion batteries from about five years ago that lost half of their energy capacity after 1,000 charge cycles, as Wirednotes.
“4,000 cycles is really impressive,” Greg Less, the technical director at the University of Michigan’s Energy Institute battery lab, told Wired. “A million mile range is easily doable with 4,000 cycles.”
The researchers provided specific details about the battery in their paper to help advance research in the field.
“Full details of these cells including electrode compositions, electrode loadings, electrolyte compositions, additives used, etc. have been provided,” Dahn and his colleagues wrote in the paper. “This has been done so that others can recreate these cells and use them as benchmarks for their own R+D efforts.”
The new battery doesn’t bring anything especially new to the table in terms of chemical composition. Rather, Dahn and his colleagues managed to optimize commonly used components of EV batteries — lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, or NMC. The battery uses relatively large NMC crystals in the cathode (a battery’s positive electrode), which helps the battery last longer by preventing it from cracking during charging.
Tesla — the company’s cars already go farther on a single charge than other manufacturers — likely isn’t losing its competitive edge by sharing these details: Just days after the recent paper was published, Tesla and Dahn received a patent for a single-crystal lithium-ion battery similar to the one described in the paper, but with an electrolyte additive that’ll likely enable it to perform even better, enhancing the “performance and lifetime of Li-ion batteries, while reducing costs,” as the patent states.
Such a battery would help Tesla implement robotaxis and long-haul electric trucks at lower costs. But that doesn’t necessarily mean consumers should expect the cost of Teslas to drop anytime soon. In fact, Musk said in July that the price of Teslas will likely surge once the company’s robotaxis hit the streets, considering that supply and demand will make the cars even more valuable.
Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg chastised world leaders Monday, Sep. 23, for failing younger generations by not taking sufficient steps to stop climate change. “You have stolen my childhood and my dreams with your empty words,” Thunberg said at the United Nations Climate Action Summit in New York. “You’re failing us, but young people are starting to understand your betrayal. The eyes of all future generations are upon you. And if you choose to fail us, I say we will never forgive you,” she added. Thunberg traveled to the U.S. by sailboat last month so she could appear at the summit. She and other youth activists led international climate strikes on Friday in an attempt to garner awareness ahead of the UN’s meeting of political and business leaders.
The ego is not the problem, we turn it into our enemy
The ego has a bad rap — it has become the villain of self-help. We associate it to being entitled or arrogant. That’s why we want to get rid of this enemy.
However, the ego is not the issue; the illusion of self is.
According to psychologists, if we don’t have an ego, we would become mentally ill. We need it to mediate between the unconscious and the conscious. Your relationship with your ego can turn into either an enemy or an ally.
The ego causes most of your suffering, but it can also save you from further pain.
The Ego Is a Fraud
“The ego is the worst confidence trickster we could ever imagine.” — Dr. Yoav Dattilo
Our ego is a curious beast — most of us don’t realize its existence, yet we are under its mercy.
We usually associate the word ‘ego’ with being arrogant, proud, or selfish. However, our ego is a different thing — it magnifies either our best or worst side. That’s why the ego is the worst confidence trickster: we end buying the exaggerated version of ourselves.
The illusory self is a seductive fantasy — that’s why we succumb to our ego. We let it hold the reins of our lives without any resistance.
The ego hides in the last place you will ever look: within itself. Disguised as thoughts or feelings, your ego tricks you. When you believe you are your ego, you’ll do anything to keep that illusion alive.
When you desire to be perceived as the smartest boss, the beloved mom, the best negotiator, the kindest woman, the funniest guy, the most creative writer — fill in the blanks — you allow your ego to take over. You self-identify with a single aspect of yourself — preserving that perfect image becomes a life-or-death matter.
By wanting to keep our illusory-self happy, not only we place hope on an impossible goal but also harm ourselves and others. People are willing to lie, kill, cheat, hide, or steal to protect their ego boundaries. If someone criticizes that ‘perfect side,’ they take it personally — they feel their entire identity is at risk.
Why is this happening to me? Everyone wants to be with me. Why is this person attacking me? Nobody listens to me!
We are self-absorbed — we make everything about “me-me-me!” We believe that everything revolves around us. We judge what happens through a self-centered filter.
The paradox of the unhealthy ego is that, though it seems like a confidence-booster, it creates more harm. By comparing ourselves to others, we create self-doubt. And feel disappointed pursuing endless ambitions, we end disappointed. By pretending things always to go our way, we become bitter and frustrated.
The unhealthy ego is a fraud — don’t believe your illusory-self is true.
We Don’t Need Another Ego
“The bigger a man’s head gets, the easier it is to fill his shoes.” — Henry A. Courtney
Most people believe they know themselves, but less than 15% are genuinely self-aware. Being self-centered or having a distortion of who we are, turns us into a victim of the illusory-self.
The ego is you ‘I-ness’ — it captures your thoughts, beliefs, memories, and emotions regardless if they are good or bad. However, the problem is not the beast itself, but the role it plays.
Having no ego would be a disaster — we need something to mediate between our desires and our beliefs and values. Without it, we would become helpless or mentally ill.
The ego’s relentless pursuit of attention and power undermines the goal we want to achieve.
Dealing with an unhealthy ego is exhausting.
As we aspire to become richer, smarter, better, stronger, or more attractive than others, we are shadowed by a persistent sense of weariness and self-doubt. You don’t need another ego; you just need to be you.
Our ego likes security, certainty, and repetition. It makes us feel comfortable by reinforcing an idealized version of ourselves. If people threaten that illusion, we turn them into an enemy. That’s why ego-driven people engage in constant battles — they want to protect the fragile fantasy of who they are.
The funny part is that we fight to keep an image of ourselves that no one buys into, except us.
Your greatest enemy is your inner perception, not your ego.
An Ego Is Born
“The ego is a way of organizing oneself; it comes from the intellect as the mind starts to click in.” — Mark Epstein
You exist; therefore, I exist — that’s how the ego is born.
French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan developed the concept of the ‘Mirror Stage’ to describe the phenomenon when a child begins to distinguish the ‘self’ and others — encountering one’s image in the mirror makes us realize we are autonomous.
The ego is born out of fear and isolation. It creates our identity and separates us from those around us when we were a child.
The birth of ego, according to Chögyam Trungpa, is the process of identifying the self in term of opposing ourselves to others. Before we recognize our own existence, we begin to see others strongly. We want to conquer others, creating a snowballing effect that feeds passion, aggression, and ignorance.
Our ego not only blinds us but also makes others blind. We want to impose our possibilities over other people — whatever we see; we want others to see too. We believe our vision of the world is the world.
The illusion of self goes beyond having an unrealistic vision of who we are. We want to stick to that image forever.
We want to hold to the illusion that our self is permanent, but life is fluid, not rigid. We are continually changing — our sense of existence is not permanent. We can’t carry our personality to the next life.
Many people believe that the ego is just a source of trouble. American Buddhist author Thanissaro Bhikkhu teaches that a healthy, functioning ego is a crucial tool on the path to awakening.
Western psychology and Buddhism agree that the ego is as a creation — we must get it out our head and learn to tame our mind.
The Illusion of Being Yourself
“You are who you are when nobody’s watching.”
― Stephen Fry
The illusion of self is like a mask — we wear an identity that’s not real.
When we feel under attack or panic, we create a world of duality — Chögyam Trungpa refers to it as ‘the world of ego.’ This duplicitous and unnecessary invention doesn’t allow us to see our true-self clearly.
Buddhists recommend egolessness as the antidote to deal with the illusion of self.
Most people associate egolessness with getting rid of the ego. However, that’s a misconception — the ego is essential to guide our decisions and behavior. “Spiritual Bypassing” is a term coined to describe those who use spiritual ideas and practices to avoid facing unresolved emotional issues. We must confront our ego instead of running away from it.
You must get rid of the illusion of who you are, not of the ego.
Let go of the constructed ideas of who you are. Most of them were created when you were a kid. You turned something very good or bad about you into your identity — balancing your ego is accepting all your sides, rather than exaggerating one.
Egolessness is a healthy state of mind.
The ideas that we’ve constructed about our self are fixed. Most people overreact to criticism because they’ve built their ‘reputation’ on one idealized trait — if people dislike it, they feel their whole identity would collapse.
Most of us will do whatever to protect our illusion of self. When we experience something unpleasant that might hurt our idealized identity, we fight back.
Becoming more mindful is essential. Mindfulness helps us neither to cling to what’s pleasant nor to condemn what’s unpleasant. We don’t buy into the illusion of the ego — we are more than that. You can separate the stimulus from your emotional reaction — youchoose how to react, not your ego.
Turn The Ego from Enemy to Friend
“Yesterday I was clever, so I wanted to change the world. Today I am wise, so I am changing myself.” ― Rumi
Many elements that define our identity were inherited — we can’t do much about them. But, we can change how we deal with them — just like with our ego.
When we let go of our idealized-self, we become free. Conversely, when the ego runs our lives, we suffer. The “me-me-me” approach is draining — forcing the world to revolve around us is mission impossible.
Psychologists recommend empowering the observing “I” — make room for self-reflection and watch yourself from a distance. Confront all aspects of who you are — especially the uncomfortable ones. Make room for yourself. Observe your thoughts rather than buying into them; let go of perfectionism.
Buddhists invite us to watch our mind — to observe our thoughts without judging. Mindfulness is the ability to be present, to be with what happens in the here and now. It’s a journey to abandon the illusion of self for the sake of well-being and happiness.
Egolessness doesn’t mean to get rid of the ego, but of the illusion self. We must undo habitual patterns that we’ve developed for years.
Egolessness means freedom — we liberate ourselves from the anxiety to defend the illusion of who we are.
The Antidote: Stop Seeing the Ego As Enemy
“You yourself, as much as anybody in the entire universe, deserve your love and affection”
— Buddha
Your self is fluid, not fixed.
Our natural tendency is to view, not just ourselves but also others as permanent things. Understanding that everything is interdependent and everything is impermanent is essential.
The illusion of the ego means thinking that our identity is a finished product rather than a work in progress.
Grab some pictures of yourself from different moments. You probably look different now, right? Look at how your personality or lifestyle has changed through those years. Are you still the same? Or have you changed? Fluidity means integrating both that we are different and the same.
Everything changes and nothing stands still. As Heraclitus said, “No person ever steps into the same river twice, for it’s not the same river and one is not the same person.”
That’s the paradox of understanding impermanence. We, the same people, are not the ones we were in the past — yet, we are still ourselves. The antidote to the illusion is facing your true-self.
Don’t take yourself too seriously. The world doesn’t revolve around you. Don’t be attached to the illusion of self. Embrace well-being and happiness.
You are fluid, not fixed. Don’t stick to an illusionary self — one aspect of you is not you. Avoid being defensive when someone hurts one side of who you are.
People are not your enemies. When you are at peace with who you are, you don’t feel the need to fight others.
Increase self-consciousness. Egolessness is insight gained from meditation — we dive deep into the emptiness or illusoriness of self and habitual patterns.
Love yourself, not your image. Accept your wholeness — both the good and bad. True self-love is appreciating that others feel self-love too.
Stop trying to be perfect. I’m not suggesting you lower your bar — realize you are not a finished person, but a work in progress.
Being vulnerable is being strong. You don’t need to sustain an idealized version of yourself to be accepted by others. Masks are fragile, but nothing can beat your authentic self.
The ego is not the enemy — the idealized image of yourself is. Defending an illusion is a draining and useless battle. Stop pretending and start accepting. This time of the year rather than just reflecting on your achievements, spend some time reflecting on who you are.
Get rid of the illusion of the perfect self.
[Other than the Innate Self, which we all have access to. –Mike Zonta, BB editor]
Translators: Mike Zonta, Hanz Bolen, Melissa Goodnight, Richard Branam
SENSE TESTIMONY: Misperception and mismanagement can lead to crisis.
5th Step Conclusions:
1) Truth is only aware of Truth, managing Itself perfectly, guiding itself righteously, bounteously through any point of crisis/decision, always beginning and ending in Truth.
2) One Infinite Consciousness is limitlessly aware of All that is presenting Itself to Itself — always rightly identifying and perfectly coordinating the crucial/pivotal expression that is effectively achieving Cosmic Intention in every instantiation.
3) Truth Is Consciousness Aware Administration, Being Predicated Intimacy of Power, the Leading Motive, this Piercing Penetrant into the Spaciousness of Imagination, Captivates the Determining Decisions that Emanates through the Synchronized Infinite Mind’s Eye’s, the Majestic Glory of Living Life Fully.
4) All One Being I AM clearly conceives guides expresses all soundly. Truth handles all well.
All Translators are welcome to join this group. See BB Upcoming Events.
It’s time to think about the Roman empire again. But not the part of its history that usually commands attention in the United States: the long, sad path of Decline and Fall. It’s what happened later that deserves our curiosity.
As a reminder, in 476 a.d., a barbarian general named Odoacer overthrew the legitimate emperor of the Western empire, Romulus Augustulus, who thus became the last of the emperors to rule from Italy.
The Eastern empire, ruled from Constantinople, chugged along for many more centuries. But the Roman progression—from republic to empire to ruin—has played an outsize role in tragic imagination about the United States. If a civilization could descend from Cicero and Cato to Caligula and Nero in scarcely a century, how long could the brave experiment launched by Madison, Jefferson, and company hope to endure?
The era that began with Rome’s collapse—“late antiquity,” as scholars call it—holds a hazier place in America’s imagination and makes only rare cameo appearances in speeches or essays about the national prospect. Before, we have the familiar characters in togas; sometime after, knights in armor. But in between? And specifically: How did the diverse terrain that had been the Roman empire in the West respond when central authority gave way? When the last emperor was gone, how did that register in Hispania and Gaul? How did people manage without the imperial system that had built roads and aqueducts, and brought its laws and language to so much of the world?
The historians’ view appears to be that they managed surprisingly well. “It is only too easy to write about the Late Antique world as if it were merely a melancholy tale,” Peter Brown, of Princeton, wrote in his influential 1971 book, The World of Late Antiquity. But, he continued, “we are increasingly aware of the astounding new beginnings associated with this period.” These included not only the breakup of empire into the precursors of what became modern countries but also “much that a sensitive European has come to regard as most ‘modern’ and valuable in his own culture,” from new artistic and literary forms to self-governing civic associations.
In his new book, Escape From Rome, Walter Scheidel, of Stanford, goes further, arguing that “the Roman empire made modern development possible by going away and never coming back.” His case, in boiled-down form, is that the removal of centralized control opened the way to a sustained era of creativity at the duchy-by-duchy and monastery-by-monastery level, which in turn led to broad cultural advancement and eventual prosperity. The dawn of the university and private business organizations; the idea of personal rights and freedoms—on these and other fronts, what had been Roman territories moved forward as imperial control disappeared. “From this developmental perspective, the death of the Roman empire had a much greater impact than its prior existence,” Scheidel writes. He quotes Edward Gibbon’s famous judgment that Rome’s fall was “the greatest, perhaps, and most awful scene, in the history of mankind”—but disagrees with the “awful” part.
Might the travails of today’s American governing system, and the strains on the empire-without-the-name it has tried to run since World War II, have a similar, perversely beneficial effect? Could the self-paralysis of American national governance somehow usher in a rebirth—our own Dark Ages, but in a good way?
Naturally my hope as an American is that the national government starts working better. And what I’ve learned from living through crisis cycles from the 1960s onward, plus studying those of the more distant past, is to always allow for the rebound capacity of this continually changing culture.
But what if faith in American resilience is now misplaced? What if it really is different this time? I’ve been asking historians, politicians, businesspeople, and civic leaders to imagine 21st-century America the way historians like Brown and Scheidel imagine late antiquity. How will things look for us, duchy by duchy and monastery by monastery, if the national government has broken in a way that can’t be fixed?
Governmental “failure” comes down to an inability to match a society’s resources to its biggest opportunities and needs. This is the clearest standard by which current U.S. national governance fails. In principle, almost nothing is beyond America’s capacities. In practice, almost every big task seems too hard.
Yet for our own era’s counterparts to duchies and monasteries—for state and local governments, and for certain large private organizations, including universities and some companies—the country is still mainly functional, in exactly the areas where national governance has failed.
Samuel Abrams, a political scientist at Sarah Lawrence, has been leading a multiyear national survey of “social capital” for the American Enterprise Institute. Among the findings, released this year, is that by large margins, Americans feel dissatisfied with the course of national events—and by even larger margins, they feel satisfied with and connected to local institutions and city governments. “When you talk with people, across the board they are optimistic about their own communities, and hopeful about their local futures,” Abrams told me. The AEI team found that 80 percent of Americans considered their own town and neighborhood to be an “excellent” or “good” place to live, and 70 percent said they trusted people in their neighborhood. Does this mainly reflect self-segregation—people of common background or affinity clustering together? “That’s been exaggerated,” Abrams said. “America is less monolithic, and more functional at local levels, than people think.”
In Escape From Rome, Scheidel writes that “a single condition was essential” for the cultural, economic, and scientific creativity of the post-Roman age: “competitive fragmentation of power.” Today, some of the positive aspects of fragmentation are appearing all around us.
Five years ago, after writing about a “can do” attitude in local governments in Maine and South Carolina, I got an email from a mayor in the Midwest. He said that he thought the underreported story of the moment was how people frustrated with national-level politics were shifting their enthusiasm and their careers to the state and local levels, where they could make a difference. (That mayor’s name was Pete Buttigieg, then in his first term in South Bend, Indiana.) When I spoke with him at the time, he suggested the situation was like people fleeing the world of Veep—bleak humor on top of genuine bleakness—for a non-preposterous version of Parks and Recreation.
At the national level, “policy work is increasingly being done by people with no training in it, and who don’t care about it, because they’re drawn into national politics purely as culture warriors,” I was told by Philip Zelikow, of the University of Virginia, who worked as a national-security official for both Presidents Bush. “There’s a fiction that mass politics is about policy.” The reality, he said, is that national-level politics has become an exercise in cultural signaling—“who you like, who you hate, which side you’re on”—rather than about actual governance. Meanwhile, the modern reserves of American practical-mindedness are mainly at the local level, “where people have no choice but to solve problems week by week.”
Based on my own experience I could give a hundred examples of this attitude from around the country, virtually none of them drawing national attention and many of them involving people creatively expanding the roles of libraries, community colleges, and other institutions to meet local needs. Here is just one, from Indiana: The factory town of Muncie is famed as the site of the Middletown sociology studies a century ago. It was the longtime home of the Ball Brothers glass-jar company, since departed. It is still the home of Ball State University, steadily growing. Like other manufacturing cities in the Midwest, Muncie has battled the effects of industrial decline. Among the consequences was a funding crisis for the Muncie Community Schools, which became so severe that two years ago the state took the system into receivership.
Last year, Ball State University became the first-ever public university in the country to assume direct operational responsibility for an entire K–12 public-school system. The experiment has just begun, and its success can’t be assured. But getting this far involved innovation and creativity in the political, civic, financial, and educational realms to win support in a diverse community. “I was talking with a state senator about the plan,” Geoffrey S. Mearns, who has been president of Ball State since 2017 and is a guiding force behind the plan, told me this year in Muncie. “After listening for 15 minutes, he said, ‘You’re crazy. Don’t do this. Run away.’ After another 15 minutes, he said, ‘You’re still crazy. But you have to do it.’ ”
This craziness and commitment keeps a culture alive. A new world is emerging, largely beyond our notice.
Even when the formal ties of the Roman empire had broken, informal links connected its various parts. In the absence of the Roman state, there was still the Latin language as the original lingua franca; there was still a network of roads. Christianity in some form was a shared religion. Today the links include trade, travel, family lineage, and collaborative research—links that, like the internet, were forged in an era of functioning national and global institutions but with a better chance to endure. “With the waning of federal government, you’d see some states really big enough to act as countries, starting of course with California,” Anne-Marie Slaughter, the CEO of the think tank New America, told me. “You could imagine Texas working with Mexico, and New England with Canada—and the upper-Midwest states as a bloc, and the Pacific Northwest.” She pointed out that states can’t sign formal treaties—but then again, the U.S. Senate has not approved a major treaty in years.
Morley Winograd, a former adviser to Al Gore and a co-author of the new book Healing American Democracy: Going Local, argues that networked localities have already taken effective control of crucial policy areas. “If recent trends continue,” he told me, “there’s no reason why community colleges won’t be tuition-free across the country, without any federal role. It’s happened in 13 states, and we’re near a tipping point.” After Donald Trump withdrew the United States from the Paris climate accord, more than 400 U.S. mayors, representing most of the U.S. economy, said their communities would still adhere to it. “That is where most of the leverage lies on sustainability—with mayors and governors,” Winograd told me. He gave the example of planting trees, which might sound insignificant but, according to a new study by researchers in Switzerland, could be a crucial step toward removing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. “This could spread city by city, state by state, with no federal involvement or limitation,” he said. Last year, the Trump administration said it would abandon the targets for cutting automobile emissions and improving fuel efficiency that the Obama administration had said automakers must reach. This year, Ford, BMW, Volkswagen, and Honda announced that they would ignore the shift in federal policy. Instead, they would “recognize California’s authority” to set strict emissions and efficiency standards, and would sell cars meeting those standards in all 50 states.
Peter brown observed that “a society under pressure is not necessarily a depressed or a rigid society.” The revival that followed the Roman empire’s collapse, whose full effects were visible only in retrospect, was possible because with the weakening of central government, Roman society became “exceptionally open to currents from below.”
The world changes as we live in it; we’re all part of a pattern that we can glimpse only dimly. Historians in a thousand years will know for sure whether the American empire in this moment was nearing its own late antiquity. Perhaps by then Muncie and South Bend will loom as large in the historical imagination as the monasteries of Cluny and St. Gall do today. The ancient university towns of Palo Alto and New Haven may lie in different countries. In the meantime, we would do well to recognize and, where possible, nurture the “astounding new beginnings” already under way.
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JAMES FALLOWS is a staff writer at The Atlantic and has written for the magazine since the late 1970s. He has reported extensively from outside the United States and once worked as President Jimmy Carter’s chief speechwriter. He and his wife, Deborah Fallows, are the authors of the 2018 book Our Towns: A 100,000-Mile Journey Into the Heart of America, which was a national best seller and is the basis of a forthcoming HBO documentary.
(Contributed by Gwyllm Llwydd.)
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